Did you know that nearly 75% of the Spanish vocabulary you use every day has Latin origins? That means if you're learning Spanish, you're already speaking Latin... you just might not know it yet! Latin is often called a "dead" language, but it never really disappeared — it lives on in Spanish every single day.
Rome, the birthplace of Latin, even celebrates its legendary founding every April 21, a perfect reminder of how deeply Roman civilization shaped the language you're learning. Today we're exploring some of the most fascinating Latin words in Spanish with meaning that are still very much alive!
Spanish is a Romance language, meaning it evolved directly from Latin — the language spoken throughout the Roman Empire. Over centuries, spoken Latin transformed into what we now call Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, and Romanian.
So it's no surprise that latin root words in Spanish are everywhere. But beyond vocabulary, there are also Latin expressions that Spanish speakers use word for word, often without even realizing they're speaking the language of Julius Caesar!
This is where things get really interesting. Some of the most common Latin words used in Spanish have been around for so long, and stayed so close to their Latin origins, that they still carry the exact same meaning Romans used thousands of years ago. Let's take a look at some of the most surprising ones!
In Latin, harena simply meant sand. Spanish kept that meaning alive — arena in Spanish still means sand. Interestingly, Italian went a different direction: the modern Italian word for sand is sabbia, while arena in Italian and English came to refer to the fighting ground of Roman amphitheaters — which, of course, were covered in sand!
jugando con la arena, haciendo castillos de arena,
playing with the sand, making sand castles,
Captions 45-46, Clara y Cristina Saludar
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In Latin, piscina meant fish pond — from piscis, meaning fish. Romans used piscinae to store live fish. In Spanish, the word evolved into the most common word for swimming pool. So next time you take a dip in the piscina, think of the Romans and their fish! 🐟
Y en verano abrían la piscina pública
And in summer, they would open the public swimming pool,
Caption 57, Aprendiendo con Silvia Recuerdos de infancia - Part 3
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The word salario (salary) comes from the Latin salarium, which was directly connected to sal — salt. Roman soldiers were either paid in salt or given an allowance to buy it, since salt was an incredibly valuable commodity in ancient times. The next time someone asks about your salario, you'll know it's literally worth its salt!
de hecho, la palabra "salario", que hoy en día se usa para remunerar el puesto de trabajo, en aquél momento, se usaba porque se pagaba con sal.
in fact, the word "salary," which today is used for paying one's job, at that time, was used because one was paid with salt.
Captions 15-17, Rosa Laguna Fuente de Piedra
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Here's one that might surprise you! In Latin, candidatus meant someone dressed in white. Roman citizens who sought public office would wear a gleaming white toga — toga candida — to present themselves as pure and honest. The word candidato (candidate) in Spanish carries that 2,000-year-old tradition every election season.
Los partidos políticos se peleaban el nombre de Escobar para lanzarlo candidato al Congreso.
The political parties would compete for Escobar's name to launch him as a candidate for Congress.
Captions 38-39, Los Tiempos de Pablo Escobar Capítulo 1 - Part 5
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The Latin word calculus meant small pebble or stone. Romans used tiny pebbles as counting tokens — an ancient calculator of sorts! That's why the Spanish verb calcular (to calculate) and the word cálculo (calculation) have their roots in something as simple as a little rock.
con el sentido de calcular o enumerar.
with the sense of calculating or enumerating.
Caption 47, Silvia nos cuenta Contar, cuento y cuentas - Part 1
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In Latin, rostrum referred to the beak of a ship — specifically the bronze ram at the front of a Roman warship. Over time, the word shifted to refer to a person's face. In Spanish, rostro is a perfectly normal, everyday word for face, completely detached from its nautical origins.
Lleva puesto en su rostro un delicado velo.
She wears on her face a delicate veil.
Caption 9, Leyendas urbanas La Cegua
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The Latin word sinister simply meant left — as in the left hand. Romans considered the left side unlucky and associated it with bad omens. That negative connotation stuck, and in Spanish, siniestro evolved to mean sinister, dark, or ominous. It's also widely used in insurance and legal contexts to refer to an accident or disaster.
R dos a central, necesitamos otra ambulancia acá en el siniestro.
R two to central, we need another ambulance here at the accident.
Caption 31, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 1 - Part 6
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Let's continue with more Latin words used in Spanish that have been fully adopted into everyday conversation:
The word gratis comes directly from Latin and means "free of charge." Spanish speakers use it constantly — and you've probably heard it in English too!
Eh... ¿Serí'... era gratis... eh...? -No, no, no era gratis.
Um... -Wou'... it was free... um...? -No, no, it wasn't free.
Captions 44-45, Estampas argentinas El Ateneo Grand Splendid - Part 2
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This word came into Spanish unchanged from Latin, where habitare meant "to live" or "to dwell." Today, hábitat refers to the natural environment of an animal or plant.
Proteger y conservar el hábitat natural donde crecen los cipreses,
Protect and conserve the natural habitat where cypresses grow,
Caption 46, Fermín y las plantas El ciprés
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These two Latin words are staples of Spanish financial and economic language. Déficit refers to a shortfall, while superávit (from Latin superavit, "it exceeded") means a surplus. You'll hear them constantly in news broadcasts and political speeches.
El gobierno anunció un déficit presupuestario este año.
The government announced a budget deficit this year.
Caption 58, Vocabulario de noticias Economía - Part 1
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Beyond individual words, there are full Latin expressions in Spanish that speakers use naturally in conversation. Here are some of the most common ones:
Mea culpa literally means "my fault" in Latin. It's used in Spanish — and English! — to acknowledge one's own mistake, and has deep roots in Catholic tradition.
From the Latin in flagranti delicto, meaning "while the crime is blazing," in fraganti is used in Spanish to mean "caught in the act." You may also see it written as in flagranti or en flagrante.
Sí. Parece que la señora lo pescó in fragranti.
Yes. It seems like the lady caught him in the act.
Caption 76, Yago 12 Fianza - Part 7
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Used in Spanish to indicate that something happens as a direct and immediate consequence of something else.
y el próximo que me llegue a alzar la voz se va de ipso facto.
and the next person who dares to raise their voice to me leaves ipso facto.
Captions 58-59, Confidencial: Broma pesada Capítulo 2 - Part 6
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Literally "the voice of the people" in Latin, vox populi is used in Spanish journalism, politics, and everyday speech to refer to widely held public opinion.
From the Latin for "by head," per cápita is used across Spanish-speaking countries in statistics, economics, and health contexts.
Here are a few more Latin root words in Spanish so deeply embedded that most speakers never stop to think about their ancient origins:
• Versus (vs.) — used in comparisons and competitions
• Currículum — short for curriculum vitae, "course of life"
• Campus — the Latin word for "field," now used for university grounds
• Ultimátum — from Latin ultimatum, the final demand
• Plus — used in Spanish to mean "extra" or "bonus"
Latin may be considered a "dead" language, but as you can see, it never really left. The Latin words in Spanish we covered today are not just a linguistic curiosity — they're a living bridge between ancient Rome and the modern world. And the best part? You're already using many of them without even thinking about it! If you have any questions or comments, please let us know.
¡Hasta la próxima! 🏛️
Christmas (Navidad) is one of the most important celebrations in Spanish-speaking countries. Today, we'll explore essential Christmas vocabulary in Spanish along with authentic examples from native speakers. Let's dive into the festive spirit!
One of the most cherished Christmas traditions in the Hispanic world is setting up nativity scenes at home or in public places. These displays are called belenes or nacimientos:
Lo más tradicional además del turrón, el champán y los Reyes Magos, es montar el belén en casa.
The most traditional [thing] besides nougat candy, champagne and the Three Wise Men, is to put up a Nativity scene at home.
Captions 2-4, Europa Abierta Joaquín Pérez - Escultor de belenes
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el pesebre - the manger
el niño Jesús - baby Jesus
los pastores - the shepherds
la estrella - the star
el ángel - the angel
Villancicos are Spanish Christmas carols, an essential part of holiday celebrations. Lida and Cleer sing for us one of the most popular villancicos, El burrito de Belén (The Little Donkey from Bethlehem) also known as El burrito sabanero (The Little Donkey from the Savannah):
Con mi burrito sabanero voy camino de Belén Con mi burrito sabanero voy camino de Belén Si me ven, si me ven, voy camino de Belén Si me ven, si me ven, voy camino de Belén
With my little savanna donkey I'm heading to Bethlehem With my little savanna donkey I'm heading to Bethlehem If they see me, if they see me, I'm heading to Bethlehem If they see me, if they see me, I'm heading to Bethlehem
Captions 42-45, Cleer y Lida Buñuelos
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En Colombia, la palabra cena se usa para ocasiones especiales, como la cena de Nochebuena o la cena de Nochevieja.
In Colombia, the word "cena" is used for special occasions, like the Christmas Eve dinner or the New Year's Eve dinner.
Captions 23-25, Carlos comenta Los Años Maravillosos - Costumbres alimenticias y conflicto
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El día de los Reyes es una festividad que viene de tradición cristiana
Three Kings Day is a celebration that comes from the Christian tradition
Caption 7, Isabel y Paula contigo Día de Reyes - Part 1
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Las Posadas is a beloved Mexican Christmas tradition that has also spread to some Central American countries. These celebrations take place during the nine days before Christmas (December 16-24), representing the nine months of Mary's pregnancy. The word posada means "lodging" or "accommodation."
In Mexico, these celebrations include:
- Reenacting Mary and Joseph's search for lodging
- Processing through neighborhoods with candles
- Traditional songs specific to Las Posadas
- Breaking star-shaped piñatas
- Sharing traditional Mexican Christmas foods like ponche (fruit punch) and tamales
In Colombia, families and friends gather for nine consecutive nights before Christmas (December 16-24) to celebrate la Novena de Aguinaldos. This tradition consists of praying the Christmas novena and singing villancicos.
The Novena includes several important elements:
- Gozos: Traditional verses sung between prayers
- Villancicos: Colombian Christmas carols
- Traditional foods: natilla (custard), buñuelos (cheese fritters), and hojuelas (fried pastries)
- Prayer gatherings: Different families host each night
- Children's participation: Kids often lead parts of the prayers and songs
Some popular Colombian villancicos sung during the Novena include:
- "Tutaina"
- "Los peces en el río"
- "Noche de Paz" (Silent Night)
- "A la nanita nana"
Speaking of "A la nanita nana," let's hear Jacky performing this beautiful villancico:
A la nanita, nana, nanita, nana, nanita, eh-ah Mi Jesús tiene sueño, bendito sea, bendito sea
To [sing] a little lullaby, lullaby, little lullaby, lullaby, little lullaby, eh-ah My Jesus is sleepy, blessed be he, blessed be he
Captions 4-5, Villancicos Jacky canta "A La Nanita Nana"
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In many Spanish-speaking countries, workers receive a Christmas bonus called aguinaldo:
Vaya a ver, y yo veré la propina, ¿no? -¿La propina? -Cuando lo cobre. Espere y verá el aguinaldo que le voy a dar.
Go see, and I'll see about the tip, right? -The tip? -When you collect it. Wait, and you'll see the bonus that I'm going to give you.
Captions 8-9, Confidencial: Broma pesada Capítulo 2 - Part 6
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el turrón - nougat candy
el champán/champagne - champagne
los buñuelos - fritters
el ponche - punch
las galletas - cookies
el pavo - turkey
el árbol de Navidad - Christmas tree
las luces - lights
la estrella - star
la flor de Nochebuena - poinsettia
los adornos - ornaments
el musgo - moss (used in nativity scenes)
los regalos - presents
Papá Noel - Santa Claus
los Reyes Magos - the Three Wise Men
la carta a los Reyes - letter to the Three Wise Men
el espíritu navideño - Christmas spirit
las fiestas - the holidays
Understanding these Christmas terms will help you fully participate in holiday celebrations throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Whether you're singing villancicos, attending posadas, participating in novenas, or simply wishing someone ¡Feliz Navidad!, you'll now have the vocabulary you need to embrace the Christmas spirit in Spanish.
Did we miss any important Christmas terms? Are there other holiday traditions from Spanish-speaking countries you'd like to learn about? Don't forget to send us your comments and questions. We love hearing from you!
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