If you've been studying Spanish for a while, you've probably already tackled the preterite tense and discovered that irregular verbs can feel like a real headache. The truth is, though, that once you know a few smart strategies, the whole system starts to make a lot of sense. In this lesson, we'll share 7 tricks to help you master the preterite conjugations of the most common irregular Spanish verbs — and make them stick for good.

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Two Key Terms Before We Start

Before we dive into the tricks, let's quickly clarify two terms we'll use throughout this lesson: stem and ending.

Take the verb hacer (to do/make). In the preterite, the yo form is yo hice (I did/made). Now, if you remove the -e at the end, what's left — hic- — is the stem. Simply put, the stem is the core part of the conjugated verb, and the ending is what you attach to it to indicate who is doing the action:

📌 hacer → yo hice (I did/made) → stem: hic- + ending: -e

Una de las primeras cosas que yo hice en el circo es el arte de payaso.

One of the first things that I did in the circus is the art of clowning.

Caption 24, Circo Berlín Lucas - Part 2

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Keep this in mind — it's the foundation of everything that follows!

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Trick #1: The YES Trick — Yo, Endings, Stem

This is the most important trick in the whole lesson — and the name tells you exactly what to do. The YES trick stands for Yo (I in English), Endings, and Stem, and it gives you a simple three-step method for cracking any irregular preterite conjugation in Spanish.

Step Y — The Yo Form Always Ends in -E

In irregular preterites, the yo form always ends in an unstressed -e — no exceptions and no accent mark. This is your starting point every single time.

Step E — Learn the Shared Endings

Here's something that will save you a lot of time: most irregular preterite verbs share the same set of endings, regardless of whether they end in -ar, -er, or -ir in the infinitive:

• Yo (I): -e
• Tú (you): -iste
• Él/Ella/Usted (he/she/you formal): -o
• Nosotros (we): -imos
• Vosotros (you all — used in Spain): -isteis
• Ellos/Ustedes (they/you all): -ieron

Memorize these once and you can apply them to all irregular preterites. That's a big return on a small investment!

Step S — The Yo Form Unlocks the Stem

Once you know the yo form, you automatically know the stem you'll use for the entire conjugation. Just remove the -e ending and what's left is your stem. Now watch how it all comes together with the verb hacer (to do/make):

• Yo hice (I did/made) → stem: hic- + e

• Tú (you): -iste hic + iste = tú hiciste (you did/made)

• Él/Ella/Usted (he/she/you formal): -o hiz + o = hizo (he/she did/made)*

*You may have noticed that the stem changes from hic- to hiz- here. This is a spelling adjustment to preserve pronunciation. Think of the word tráfico (traffic) — notice how the c before o makes a hard k sound. If we wrote hico, the same thing would happen and the soft sound of hice would be completely lost. By changing c to z before the -o ending, we keep the pronunciation consistent.

Listen to the following clips — first a word ending in -co, then hizo — and notice how the z in hizo preserves that softer sound:

hay mucho tráfico.

there's a lot of traffic.

Caption 19, Ariana España

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pero lo que él hizo es grave.

but what he did is serious.

Caption 12, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 3 - Part 13

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• Nosotros (we): -imos hic + imos = hicimos (we did/made)

• Vosotros (you all — used in Spain): -isteis hic + isteis = hicisteis (you all did/made)

• Ellos/Ustedes (they/you all): -ieron hic + ieron = hicieron (they did/made)

See how it all comes together? That's the YES trick in action!

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Trick #2: No Accent Marks on Irregular Preterites

This is a small but very important detail that trips up a lot of learners. Regular preterites carry accent marks on the yo and él/ella/usted forms — think hablé (I spoke) and habló (he/she spoke). Irregular preterites, however, are written without any accent marks at all. So hice (I did), vine (I came), puse (I put), tuve (I had) — all without tildes. Keep this in mind and you'll avoid one of the most common written mistakes in Spanish

yo vine aquí a España hace veintitrés años. Mm...

I came here to Spain twenty-three years ago. Mmm...

Caption 13, Adriana y Laura Mijas

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Trick #3: -Iste and -Isteis Are Almost Identical

The tú ending (-iste) and the vosotros ending (-isteis) are practically the same — you just add is at the end: -iste → -isteis. Once you know hiciste (you did/made), you practically already know hicisteis (you all did/made)! And this works for every single irregular preterite — no exceptions!

René, no sabes cuánto te agradezco lo que hiciste por nosotros.

René, you have no idea how much I appreciate what you did for us.

Caption 64, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 4 - Part 2

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¿Hicisteis vuestros deberes?

Did you guys do your homework?

Caption 56, Carlos explica Tuteo, ustedeo y voseo: Ustedes y vosotros

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Trick #4: Group Your Verbs into Families — The "U & I" Rule

One of the most effective strategies for learning irregular preterite stems is to group verbs into families based on their vowel. Most irregular preterite stems fall into one of two groups — the U verbs and the I verbs:

U verbs — their stems contain the vowel u:

• tener (to have) → tuve (I had)

• estar (to be) → estuve (I was)

• andar (to walk) → anduve (I walked)

• poner (to put) → puse (I put)

• poder (to be able to) → pude (I could)

• saber (to know) → supe (I knew)

Pues, me cogí la furgoneta y estuve aquí unas semanas

Well, I took the van, and I was here for a few weeks,

Caption 42, Amaya Recordando - Part 3

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I verbs — their stems contain the vowel i:

• hacer (to do/make) → hice (I did/made)

• venir (to come) → vine (I came)

• querer (to want) → quise (I wanted)

Yo quise mostrar las dos caras de la moneda,

I wanted to show both sides of the coin,

Caption 63, Confidencial: Asesino al Volante Capítulo 4 - Part 1

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⚠️ Watch out! There's a small third group worth knowing — verbs like decir (to say/to tell) → dije (I said) and traer (to bring) → traje (I brought) — whose stems end in -j. These verbs drop the i in the ellos/ustedes form and use -eron instead of -ieron: dijeron (they said) and trajeron (they brought) — not dijieron or trajieron. It's a small detail but one that's very easy to get wrong, so keep an eye on it!

Oiga, ¿y usted cómo supo mi nombre? Me lo dijeron los policías.

Hey, and how did you find out my name? The police officers told me.

Captions 25-26, Confidencial: Broma pesada Capítulo 3 - Part 13

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Trick #5: Ser and Ir Share the Exact Same Conjugation

This one always surprises learners! The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) — two completely different verbs — are absolutely identical in the preterite: fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. The only thing that tells them apart is context. The upside? You only need to memorize one set of forms for two of the most common verbs in Spanish!

y allí es donde fui a estudiar... un año, interna, mm... educación física.

and that's where I went to study... for a year, boarding, mm... physical education.

Caption 6, Mari Carmen Polanco

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sí fui muy honesto con todo el mundo,

I was indeed very honest with everyone,

Caption 14, Confidencial: Broma pesada Capítulo 5 - Part 3

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Trick #6: Learn the "Parent" Verb and You'll Know Its "Children"

In Spanish, many verbs are built by adding a prefix to an existing verb — and they always follow the exact same preterite pattern as their root verb. For example, once you know poner (to put) → puse (I put), you automatically know:

• suponer (to suppose) → supuse (I supposed)

• proponer (to propose) → propuse (I proposed)

• componer (to compose) → compuse (I composed)

The same applies to tener (mantener, obtener, contener...) and venir (convenir, intervenir...). Learn the parent verb and the whole family comes for free!

y le propuse ir a tomar algo

and I suggested to her to go have a drink

Caption 46, Aprendiendo con Silvia Frases hechas - Part 2

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Mamá Bucha mantuvo el acontecimiento en secreto.

Mama Bucha kept the event secret.

Caption 34, Leyendas urbanas Chico Largo

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Trick #7: Start with the Most Common Irregular Preterites

You don't need to learn every irregular preterite at once. Focus on the most common ones first — the verbs you'll actually use in real conversations every single day — and build from there:

• ser (to be) / ir (to go) → fui (I was / I went)

• hacer (to do/make) → hice (I did/made)

• tener (to have) → tuve (I had)

• estar (to be) → estuve (I was)

• poder (to be able to) → pude (I could)

• poner (to put) → puse (I put)

• venir (to come) → vine (I came)

• decir (to say) → dije (I said)

• saber (to know) → supe (I knew)

• querer (to want) → quise (I wanted)

y no tuve tiempo de ponerme en contacto con vosotros.

and I didn't have time to get in touch with you guys.

Caption 28, Negocios Problemas laborales - Part 2

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así que solo pudimos dar una pequeña vuelta por los alrededores

so we could only take a short stroll around the surrounding area

Caption 50, Viajando con Fermín Caravaning - Part 1

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Master these and you'll be able to communicate in the past tense with confidence in the vast majority of everyday situations. Here's a visual summary of everything we've covered today — save it and keep it handy!

You can also download this cheat sheet as a PDF — perfect for printing or keeping on your phone for quick reference!

Your Shortcut to Irregular Preterite Conjugations in Spanish

Learning the preterite of irregular Spanish verbs doesn't have to feel overwhelming. Start with the YES trick, group your verbs into families, watch out for the small exceptions, and always prioritize the most common verbs first. But remember — the real trick is practice! Try building simple sentences you can actually remember: ayer fui al cine (yesterday I went to the movies), ella no pudo dormir (she couldn't sleep), ¿qué hiciste el fin de semana? (what did you do over the weekend?). The more you use these forms in real sentences, the faster they'll stick.

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Do you have questions about any of the tricks we covered today, or would you like to share what works best for you? We'd love to hear from you — send us your comments and questions! ¡Hasta la próxima!

Although the preposition ante is not as "popular" as some others, such as the preposition a or the preposition en, it is still very useful. In fact, this lesson will explain 3 different ideas that the preposition ante can express. Let's get started!

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1. "Before" or "In Front of"

One of the most common uses of the preposition ante is to mean "before" or "in front of." This includes physical position or location. Let's see a couple of examples from our library:

Hoy la luna pálida aparece ante mis ojos

Today the pale moon appears before my eyes

Caption 1, Festivaliando Mono Núñez - Part 17

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y ya a la edad de cinco años tocaba piano ante el público y daba conciertos.

and at the age of five was already playing piano in front of an audience and putting on concerts.

Captions 26-27, Hispanoamericanos en Berlín Mauricio y el maestro Arrau

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In addition to describing literal location, the preposition ante can also figuratively mean "before," particularly when used with nouns, verbs, and adjectives that entail a particular stance on something, or call to or withdrawal from action. In these cases, it is often translated with the less formal "to." Let's take a look:

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3. "As Compared to"

The preposition ante can also be used like the English "(as) compared to" or "next to," as in the following examples:

Ante la belleza de su hermana mayor, la chica se creía muy ordinaria. 

Compared to her older sister's beauty, the girl believed she was very ordinary. 

Ante la personalidad exigente de su jefe previo, su jefe nuevo parecía muy tranquilo. 

Next to her former boss' demanding personality, her new boss seemed very mellow. 

Idiomatic Uses of the Preposition ante

 You might also hear the Spanish preposition ante in idiomatic expressions, such as ante ello ("in light of that" or "considering that"), ante la duda ("in case of doubt" or "when in doubt"), ante todo ("above all" or "first of all"), and many more. Let's hear two of these in action:

Y ante todo sos una chica que tenés derecho a soñar con todo lo que quieras.

And above all you're a girl who has the right to dream about everything you want.

Caption 13, Muñeca Brava 44 El encuentro - Part 7

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Ante la duda... -Ninguna. -que no se coma.

In case of doubt... -None. -don't eat it.

Captions 85-86, 75 minutos Del campo a la mesa - Part 11

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That's all for this lesson. As you can see, there are many ways to use the preposition ante, and we encourage you to try to write some additional sentences with each one of these uses. And, of course, don't forget to send us your questions and comments. 

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